Raqqa - the excavations of the site "East of Raqqa" - Eastern Palace, stucco decorations

Raqqa – the excavations of the site “East of Raqqa” – Eastern Palace, stucco decorations

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome

Qasr al-ʿAzm, terrace with portico in the upper floor

Qasr al-ʿAzm, terrace with portico in the upper floor

General view of Hiraqla victory monument, near Raqqa

General view of Hiraqla victory monument, near Raqqa

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the west section of the great hall

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the west section of the great hall

Squinch of the dome in the hall of upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm

Squinch of the dome in the hall of upper floor, Qasr al-ʿAzm

The men's quarters (Salamlik), Qasr al-ʿAzm

The men’s quarters (Salamlik), Qasr al-ʿAzm

Bayt Ghazala, the iwan

Bayt Ghazala, the iwan

An entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi

An entrance, Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the southern section of the great hall

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, facade of the southern section of the great hall

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa/Rafiqa, Wall decoration in the Iwan of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa/Rafiqa, Wall decoration in the Iwan of Qasr al-Banat

Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says

Remains of a ruined building in Jabal Says

Hiraqla victory monument

Hiraqla victory monument

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome

Al-Matbakh al-ʿAjami, muqarnas squinches of the iwan dome

A side of Hiraqla victory monument, built by Harun ar-Rashid, near Raqqa

A side of Hiraqla victory monument, built by Harun ar-Rashid, near Raqqa

Qanawat, Relief on a rectangular basalt stone

Qanawat, Relief on a rectangular basalt stone

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, courtyard with northern Iwan

The Great Colonnade behind the palm trees

The Great Colonnade behind the palm trees

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the southern iwan of the inner courtyard (juwwani)

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the southern iwan of the inner courtyard (juwwani)

View at an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias on the Orontes River, Hama

View at an-Nuri Mosque and the Kilaniyya Norias on the Orontes River, Hama

Bayt Junblat, southern iwan, section east-west

Bayt Junblat, southern iwan, section east-west

Bayt Junblat, ground plan

Bayt Junblat, ground plan

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the northern iwan

Bayt Junblat, section drawing of the northern iwan

Khan Qurdbak, iwan, section east-west

Khan Qurdbak, iwan, section east-west

Qasr Ibn Wardan, the church

Qasr Ibn Wardan, the church

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Archaeological finds from Raqqa, exhibited in the Damascus National Museum

Bayt Mustafa Basha al-Husayni in Homs before and after the war

Bayt Mustafa Basha al-Husayni in Homs before and after the war

Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami in Qasr al-ʿAzm

Abdelraouf Baydoun working with the craft of ‘Ajami in Qasr al-ʿAzm